SPINAL TOLERANCE AND DEPENDENCE: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF SPINAL N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS AND PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE LOSS OF OPIOID ANALGESIC RESPONSES

Spinal Tolerance and Dependence: Some Observations on the Role of Spinal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors and Phosphorylation in the Loss of Opioid Analgesic Responses

The continuous delivery of opiates can lead to a reduction in analgesic effects.In Silicone Bong humans, as in other animals, some component of this change in sensitivity seems likely to have a strong pharmacodynamic component.Such loss of effect, deemed to be tolerance in the present article, can be readily demonstrated in animals with repeated bo

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The formation of a hatching line in the serosal cuticle confers multifaceted adaptive functions on the eggshell of a cicada

Abstract Insect eggshells must meet various demands of developing embryos.These demands sometimes conflict with each other; therefore, there are tradeoffs between eggshell properties, such as robustness and permeability.To meet these conflicting demands, particular eggshell structures have evolved in diverse insect species.Here, we report a rare eg

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